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About the Council

https://cof.org/about
The Council on Foundations is a nonprofit membership association that serves as a guide for philanthropies as they advance the greater good. Building on our 75-year history, the Council supports over 1,000 member organizations in the United States and around the world to build trust in philanthropy…

Resources

https://cof.org/resources
This section features all legal, best practices, sample documents, and resources we believe can help grantmakers and foundations. Some of these items are only available to members.

Community Foundation Locator

https://cof.org/page/community-foundation-locator
Find community foundations in your area.

Snapshot of Funder Progress on Locally Led Development (Sept. 2025)

https://cof.org/content/snapshot-funder-progress-locally-led-development-sept-2025
In September 2023, a group of 15 foundations joined 20 bilateral donors in signing a Donor Statement committing to advancing locally led development. After recent global shifts in foreign assistance and the dismantling of USAID, the Council on Foundations wanted to understand how philanthropy has…

Grants to Organizations from Donor-Advised Funds: Is Expenditure Responsibility Required?

https://cof.org/content/grants-organizations-donor-advised-funds-expenditure-responsibility-required
Use this flowchart to determine if grants from donor-advised funds require expenditure responsibility.

What is Expenditure Responsibility?

https://cof.org/content/what-expenditure-responsibility
Expenditure responsibility is a five step procedure that is designed to ensure that foundation funds are used for exclusively charitable purposes. The five basic steps that are required for completing expenditure responsibility include: Conducting a pre-grant inquiry including a reasonable…

Permissible Exempt Purposes Under 501(c)(3)

https://cof.org/page/permissible-exempt-purposes-under-501c3
This page outlines the range of purposes that qualify an organization for tax exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. It explains how the IRS and courts interpret key terms — especially "charitable" — and how those interpretations shape eligibility. Permissible Exempt…

Self-Defense Communications Regarding the Section 4940 Excise Tax on Net Investment Income

https://cof.org/page/self-defense-communications-regarding-section-4940-excise-tax-net-investment-income
Self-Defense Exception: A legislative proposal to modify the private foundation excise tax on net investment income under IRC section 4940 would qualify as a self-defense issue, because it affects a private foundation’s duties. Private foundations may therefore communicate with the legislature, its…

How Foundations Can Partner with USAID

https://cof.org/content/how-foundations-can-partner-usaid
Foundations have been partnering with USAID in a variety of ways to advance locally led development, and below are how some of those partnerships are being executed. For member foundations interested in working with USAID on their own locally led development initiatives, Council on Foundations…

What Americans Think About Philanthropy and Nonprofits

https://cof.org/event/what-americans-think-about-philanthropy-and-nonprofits
The Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy recently completed a study on American attitudes and knowledge about philanthropy. The findings, in short: Americans have favorable impressions of charitable giving and nonprofits, but many are unfamiliar with the sector itself,…

Sample Foreign Grant Expenditure Responsibility Letter

https://cof.org/content/sample-foreign-grant-expenditure-responsibility-letter
Sample foreign grant expenditure responsibility letter. This sample document is being provided for informational purposes and is not to be shared without the permission of the Council on Foundations. Use of the sample document does not create an attorney-client relationship, and the information…

Sample Expenditure Responsibility Grant Agreement

https://cof.org/content/sample-expenditure-responsibility-grant-agreement
Editable grant agreement for grants requiring expenditure responsibility. This sample document is being provided for informational purposes and is not to be shared without the permission of the Council on Foundations.  Use of the sample document does not create an attorney-client…

Seeking Shared Success: Business Model Innovation through Mergers, Affiliations, and Alliances

https://cof.org/content/seeking-shared-success-business-model-innovation-through-mergers-affiliations-and-alliances
The challenges of the recent financial downturn have inspired many community foundations to find new paths to business model innovation. Alliances, affiliations, and mergers offer one path to “shared success.” Seeking shared success with other community foundations is one intriguing way to innovate…

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