It's typical to see a lower expense-to-asset ratio at larger community foundations where an economy of scale is achieved, though operating model differences at individual community foundations will have an impact on this metric. In combination with asset growth stagnation, a trend toward embarking on foundation-driven leadership efforts is resulting in higher expense-to-asset ratios across the field. Medians for three out of six asset size cohorts are higher than they were in FY17. (n=240)