Starting & Ending Foundations
The Council on Foundations is a membership organization that supports grantmakers in a variety of ways, including providing best practices in foundation management. The Council provides basic information to help you understand the general steps necessary to start a foundation, but does not provide legal or technical assistance for starting a foundation.
Once your foundation has been established, we would welcome your organization as a member, and provide access to resources to help with ongoing management. Whether on a shorter or longer time arc, many foundations go through the following life cycle: getting started; ongoing operations; and spend down.
With guidance from its board, foundations must decide whether to operate in perpetuity, or to wind down operations. The decision to spend down may be a difficult one, and is often a decision made by its founder or board, based on inputs ranging from donor intent to declining endowments.
The Council on Foundations has created a host of resources to guide you through each step of the foundation life cycle, and can also provide information from its Knowledge Center and Legal departments to help inform your decisions.
Starting a Foundation
Fundamentals
Does the Council on Foundations provide assistance with starting a foundation?
Can we join the Council before our foundation is formed?
What are the general steps in starting a foundation?
Should we set up our foundation as a trust or a corporation?
What are the costs of starting a…
Navigating Mergers and Acquisitions: Guidance for Corporate Philanthropy Leaders
Publication
The Council on Foundations' Navigating Mergers and Acquisitions report is a roadmap for corporate philanthropy leaders facing critical questions and considerations about combining philanthropies during times of a business merger or acquisition. This resource, informed by substantive…
Legal Considerations for Corporate Foundations
Legal Compliance Guidance, Publication
A Chapter in Mastering Foundation Law:
The Council on Foundations Compendium of Legal Resources
Many businesses set up related charitable organizations for the purpose of engaging in philanthropic endeavors supported by the company. Because the funding for these charitable organizations is derived…
Starting a Foundation: Formation and Considerations
Legal Compliance Guidance, Publication
Many people want to start foundations, but few start out knowing exactly what sort of organization they are going to create. The purpose of this e-book is to help potential donors understand the many different entities that are commonly referred to as foundations and to provide an understanding of…
An Overview of the Law Governing Community Foundations
Legal Compliance Guidance, Publication
A Chapter in Mastering Foundation Law:
The Council on Foundations Compendium of Legal Resources
This chapter is intended to examine and explain those common legal characteristics shared by community foundations and to provide a comprehensive legal overview of the rules and regulations that govern…
Foundation Basics
Fundamentals
What is a charitable organization?
What is a foundation?
What is a private foundation?
What is a public charity?
Do charities pay taxes?
What are some key differences between a public charity and a private foundation?
What are some different kinds of private foundations?
What are the…
Glossary of Philanthropic Terms
Fundamentals
Search by Letter
A B C D E F G I J L M O P Q R S T U
Certain definitions are defined by law.
A
501(c)(3):
Section of the Internal Revenue Code that designates an organization as charitable and tax-exempt. Organizations qualifying under this section include religious, educational, charitable,…
Closing a Foundation: The Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust
Publication
Closing a nonprofit charitable institution presents a range of unknowns to the grantmaking community. In this analysis, authors John Dickason and Duncan Neuhauser provide guidance to foundations considering whether to create a time-limited foundation or bring a foundation to an end. Topics include…
Seeking Shared Success: Business Model Innovation through Mergers, Affiliations, and Alliances
Publication
The challenges of the recent financial downturn have inspired many community foundations to find new paths to business model innovation. Alliances, affiliations, and mergers offer one path to “shared success.” Seeking shared success with other community foundations is one intriguing way to innovate…
Is Perpetuity Too Long? Family Foundations Can Increase Impact With Sunset Dates
External Resource
From the Family Foundation Advisor, this article reviews the sunset-vs.-perpetuity issue and considers the potential benefits of a sunset date, with the special considerations of small family foundations in mind.
Nonprofit Mergers
Legal Compliance Guidance
A look at some of the legal and non-legal aspects of merging one charitable program or organization with another.
Ray S. Munney, executive director of the Zenith County Community Foundation, had three meetings scheduled Tuesday morning. The first was with the new manager of a local corporation's…
Guidance on Closing a Private Foundation
Legal Compliance Guidance
There's more to closing down a private foundation than packing up and turning off the utilities. Here are some questions, considerations, and IRS directions.
Sometimes it is time for a private foundation to disappear—assets may have dwindled significantly or family members no longer share a…